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Notes on AIDS and HIV In 1981, scientists in the United States and France first recognized the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which was later discovered to be caused by a virus called the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is spread more often through anal than vaginal sex, because the lining of the rectum is much weaker than that of the vagina, and ordinary condoms sometimes tear when used in anal sex. It's always better to know if you are infected so as to be able to avoid infecting others, to obtain early treatment of symptoms, and to make realistic plans. The virus can lie hidden in the body for up to 10 years without producing any obvious symptoms or before developing into the AIDS disease, and in the meantime the person can unknowingly infect others. You never know who is infected or even if you yourself have become infected. An HIV infection can be detected through a blood test, because the antibodies created by the body to fight off the virus can be seen under a microscope. Make a joke out of it by pulling out a condom and asking your new partner, "Say, do you know what this is. " Or perhaps, "Your condom or mine. HIV breaks down the body's immunity to infections leading to AIDS. Currently, an estimated 40 million people worldwide are HIV carriers, and three million a year are dying of AIDS. The golden rule is safe sex or no sex. It's difficult to catch and is spread mostly through sexual intercourse, by needle or syringe sharing among intravenous drug users, in blood transfusions, and during pregnancy and birth (if the mother is infected). A woman runs 10 times the risk of contracting AIDS from a man than the other way around, and the threat is always greater when another sexually transmitted disease (STD) is present. You should always practice safe sex to prevent AIDS and other STDs. No vaccine or drug exists that can prevent or cure AIDS, and because the virus mutates frequently, no remedy may ever be totally effective. If you know someone with AIDS, you should give them all the support you can (there's no danger in such contact unless blood is present). Using another person's razor blade or having your body pierced or tattooed are also risky, but the HIV virus cannot be transmitted by shaking hands, kissing, cuddling, fondling, sneezing, cooking food, or sharing eating or drinking utensils. Most blood banks now screen their products for HIV, and you can protect yourself against dirty needles by only allowing an injection if you see the syringe taken out of a fresh unopened pack.